Document Outline

Contents
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
II. INTRODUCTION
III. EFFECT OF FRICTION ON FUEL EFFICIENCY
IV. IMPORTANCE OF REDUCING FRICTION AND WEAR
- A. General Public
- B. Fleet Operators
- C. Truck Manufacturers
- D. Off-Road Vehicles
- E. Diesel Engine Manufacturers
- F. Automobile Manufacturers
- G. Component Manufacturers
  - Pistons, Rings, Connecting Rods, and Crankshafts
  - Fuel Injectors
  - Bearings
  - Seals
  - Manual Transmissions
  - Automatic Transmissions
- H. Lubricant Suppliers
- I. Railroad Operators
- J. Locomotive Manufacturers
V. EFFECTS OF EMISSION-REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ON FRICTION AND WEAR
VI. BENEFITS OF REDUCING FRICTION AND WEAR
VII. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE R&D
- A. Materials
- B. Coatings
- C. Lubricants
- D. Design Methods
VIII. PRIORITIES, GOALS, AND BARRIERS
IX. REQUIRED FUNDING RESOURCES
X. REFERENCES
APPENDIX A: List of Acronyms
APPENDIX B: RESEARCH NEEDS FOR REDUCING FRICTION AND WEAR IN TRANSPORTATION
Table 1. Summary of Technical Targets and Barriers for Reducing Friction and Wear
Table 2. Resource Requirements (in millions of dollars) for Top-Priority Projects on Reducing Friction and Wear
Table 3. Total Annual Fuel Consumption
Table 4. Energy Lost to Friction in Vehicles
Table 5. Energy Lost to Friction in Pistons, Rings, and Connecting Rods
Table 6. Functions of a Lubricant
Table 7. Summary of Technical Targets and Barriers for Reducing Friction and Wear
Table 8. Relationships among Stakeholder or Customer Needs, and Recommended Research Topics
Table 9. Resource Requirements (in million dollars) for Top-Priority Projects on Reducing Friction and Wear
Figure 1. Goals for Class 7 and 8 Trucks
Figure 2. Approaches to Fuel Savings in OHVT Program
Figure 3. Percentage Energy Losses in Various Engine 3
Figure 4. Drivers of Future Technology Developments in Transportation Industries
Figure 5. Diesel Engine Emissions
Figure 6. EPA Off-Road Emission Standards
Figure 7. Elements of a Rotary Seal
Figure 8. Sulfur Compounds from Oil
Figure 9. Typical Diesel Particle Size Distribution

CMMS Fleet Maintenance Software for Fleet, Vehicle, & Equipment Maintenance

This Information is Reprinted From U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Technology Administration
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory
Factory Automation Systems Division
Gaithersburg, MD 20899